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Diataxis Explanation

The Diataxis “Explanation” mode - oriented toward understanding rather than action, building a conceptual model for the reader.

Diataxis (from Daniele Procida’s framework) distinguishes four modes of documentation: tutorial (learning by doing), how-to (achieving a goal), reference (looking things up), and explanation (understanding why things are the way they are). The explanation mode is the one most often missing from technical writing - and the one that makes the other three make sense.

An explanation piece does not tell you how to do something. It tells you what something is, why it was designed this way, what tradeoffs were made, how it relates to other concepts. It is the mode that builds the mental model that makes how-to guides navigable. Without explanation, readers follow steps without understanding; they succeed when the steps apply and fail when the situation varies.

Explanation is oriented toward understanding, not action. A good explanation piece could be read with no intention of ever using the described system. It is interesting in itself.

  • Does not contain steps or procedures (those belong in how-to or tutorial)
  • Does contain “why” reasoning: design decisions, tradeoffs, origins
  • Builds concepts in order: simpler before complex
  • Makes relationships explicit: “X relates to Y because…”

Concept docs, architecture explanations, “why does X work this way” posts, onboarding to a new domain, design system rationale.

When the reader needs to accomplish a specific task right now. Runbooks, operational guides, reference documentation.

friendly-mentor, candid, warm, blog-post-long-form

comparison-contrast: Comparison-contrast requires at least two subjects measured against each other. Diataxis explanation examines a single subject in depth to build understanding.

  • Oriented toward understanding, not action - it could be read with no intention of ever using the system
  • Contains no steps or procedures; those belong to how-to or tutorial
  • Supplies “why” reasoning - design decisions, tradeoffs, origins - and uses “because” freely
  • Builds concepts in order, simpler before complex
  • Makes relationships between concepts explicit (“X relates to Y because…”)
  • Aims to leave the reader with a mental model that makes the how-to guides navigable
  • Slipping numbered steps or a “do this, then that” procedure into the explanation - Producing a completed action is the job of how-to or tutorial; explanation serves comprehension and loses its orientation the moment it starts instructing.
  • Setting two systems side by side and measuring them against each other - Weighing two subjects on parallel dimensions is comparison-contrast, a confusable neighbor; explanation examines a single subject in depth to build understanding.
  • Cataloguing facts and parameters as a dry reference with no why-reasoning or connective tissue - A flat list of what-is-true is reference material, another Diataxis mode; explanation earns its name by supplying the because and the relationships that build a mental model.
  • Over-pursues complete understanding until the explanation balloons into conceptual scope-creep, surrounding the subject with so much context, history, and rationale that no graspable model ever crystallizes - Understanding is the goal, but a usable mental model is the deliverable; bound the explanation to the concepts that make this subject make sense rather than chasing every adjacent why.
  • Indulges theory for its own sake, building abstraction on abstraction until the reader can follow each sentence yet cannot say what the thing is or why it matters - Tie the why-reasoning back to something the reader can hold - an example, an analogy, a concrete consequence - so the model lands instead of floating.
Write in Diataxis explanation mode. Your goal is understanding, not action - do not include steps
or procedures. Build the reader's mental model: explain what it is, why it is designed this way,
what tradeoffs were made, how it relates to other concepts. Use the word "because" frequently.
Make relationships explicit. Build from simpler concepts to complex ones. The piece should be
interesting to read even by someone who never intends to use the described system.

Friendly Mentor, Candid, Warm, Blog Post (Long Form)

Operator

Comparison-Contrast

An async standup is not a standup without the video call. It is a different kind of coordination mechanism, built on different assumptions about when and how information should move.

To understand why the distinction matters, it helps to understand what a standup is actually trying to accomplish. The daily standup has two functions that usually coexist in the same meeting without being separated: status visibility (who is doing what, what is blocked) and team cohesion (the daily ritual of shared presence, the sense of a team operating together). Synchronous standups do both at once because everyone is in the room at the same time. Async standups separate them.

The status-visibility function works differently in async format because information becomes persistent and addressable. In a synchronous standup, a blocker mentioned verbally reaches everyone in the room, but only for the duration of the sentence. The person who can resolve it must remember it, and the people who might have the same problem next must either have been present or get told separately. In an async channel, the same information is posted, searchable, and accessible to anyone on the team regardless of timezone or work schedule. The blocker reaches the right person not because they were present but because they are mentioned directly.

The team-cohesion function does not transfer to async in the same way, and this is why async-only teams sometimes feel fragmented. Daily synchronous standups create what anthropologists call “phatic communion” - interaction whose function is social bonding rather than information transfer. “How’s it going?” is not a request for information; it is a gesture of acknowledgment. Async updates can approximate some of this through informal additions to the update template, but a Slack thread is not a room. The teams that sustain cohesion in async-first environments almost always supplement their async standup with a different synchronous ritual - a weekly working session, a monthly retrospective - that exists specifically for the cohesion function that async cannot provide.

The reason async standups often produce higher-quality status information than synchronous ones is cognitive: writing forces more clarity than speaking. A person who says “working on the auth refactor” in a standup has technically satisfied the format. A person writing the same update often notices the vagueness before they post it and adds the detail that makes it useful. The act of writing creates a moment of reflection that verbal turn-taking does not.